Wonders of Nano-material in Textile Industry
Nanomaterials in your cloths
Nanomaterials have wide variety of applications especially in textiles. It is used in the manufacturing of protective garments for workers involved in emergency services such as military personnel, firefighters and medical workers. Nanoparticles can be incorporated into the fibers or they can be applied as a coating on the surface of a finished product. These techniques can enhance durability and are also capable of making the fabric resistant to extreme weather conditions. In Medical field, it is used for drug delivery and wound healing. silver nanoparticles are used in products related to dressings for burns and scald. fabrics that are lightweight, having high degree of resistance to extreme temperatures, durable, antibacterial activity, water-resistant, Such characteristics are ideal for military usage. Such a fibre can be produced using nanoparticles. Nanotechnology can also be used to chemically target and eliminate odor-causing molecules. the silver nanoparticles prevent odor formation by killing bacteria, a second generation of odor-busting nanoparticles work by chemically targeting and modifying stinky compounds. By including these nanoparticles in fabric to prevent odor, the resulting clothes need to be washed less frequently. A new era of "smart" fabrics, for example, could automatically respond to your body and the environment around you.
What are nanomaterials?
Nanomaterials are chemical substances or material particles between the size 1 and 100 nanometres (i.e between 1 and 100 billionths of a metre) it’s research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology. They can occur naturally, can be created as a byproduct of chemical reaction, or be produced purposefully, through engineering.
Several types of nanoparticles are found in the clothes we wear, such as:
1. Silver Nanoparticles:
Silver nanoparticles are antimicrobial, which means they kill the bacteria that cause bad odors. They are added to clothing for their ability to kill bacteria and fungi, and to prevent the nasty odours they cause. Nanosilver particles release positively charged ions that stop bacterial cells functioning. The particles' tiny size means the garment stays soft and and is comfortable to wear.
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| Image source- Azonano |
Silica nanoparticles are used for waterproofing and stain resistance. Nanoparticles of silica either incorporated into the weave of a fabric or sprayed onto its surface, create a coating that repels water and stain-producing liquids. The angle and roughness of the silica coating creates enough surface tension to ensure that liquids form beads that roll off the fabric rather than soaking into it.
3. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles of titanium dioxide or zinc oxide are incorporated into textiles to protect your garments – and your skin – from sun damage. Both particles scatter the ultraviolet light in sunlight, and do so more effectively as nanoparticles rather than as larger particles.
4. Antistatic particles
Some fabrics, particularly synthetics such as polyester and nylon – tend to gather static charge. Whisk a top over your head and your hair stands on end. But nanoparticles that conduct electricity, such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and antimony-doped tin oxide, can help disperse this charge.
Is it safe to use nanomaterials in your clothing?
While many studies states that, there is no possible harm for humans in wearing it as no nanoparticles can be found in the perspiration of the test person wearing fabric coated with nanoparticles. it will be harmful if the nanoparticles are released into sweat, as they might be taken up by the skin,but nanoparticles are shed from clothing in sweat. nanoparticles are not released into sweat under laboratory conditions.
However there is the problem with nanoparticle incorporation in textiles. even though silver nanoparticles are non-toxic to human beings, it could be very toxic to aquatic life. some research proposes that the enormous use of silver nanomaterial in clothing can lead to high concentrations of silver in the sludge from wastewater treatment plants that could ultimately have ill effects on aquatic animals.
NOTE:-
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Blog Credits: Gayatri Patil Team Meta Monday MIS: 142010009
References
https://www.theguardian.com/science/small-world/2014/feb/14/nanotechnology-clothes-nanoparticles
https://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=5501
https://sustainable-nano.com/2018/11/28/nano-textiles/
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